Stefan’s Diaries The Craving Chapter 10 Free Essays

November 6, 1864 Damon is back, however it appears he was rarely really gone. He has been watching me, bedeviling me, controlling me. He is the manikin ace and I am his hapless puppet, compelled to do his offering. We will compose a custom paper test on Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 10 or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Until I saw Damon, I had not understood exactly how affectionate I had happened to the Sutherlands, of how they facilitated my forlornness and gave me trust that I probably won't need to live estranged abroad. In spite of the fact that I realized I needed to leave them, I had set out to trust that by demonstrating I could remain in charge around them, my excursion through this world may eventually be less single. Yet, Damon knows me very well. He may have constrained the Sutherlands to acknowledge me, yet he didn’t propel me to remain in their quality. I could have sneaked out early today, could have run off in the recreation center, could have vanished into the group at the ball. But then I stayed, in light of the fact that, as Damon no uncertainty anticipated, I preferred being a piece of a family once more, regardless of whether only for a couple of transitory days. Damon’s plan frightens me †decisively in light of the fact that I don’t get it. Why New York? Why the Sutherlands? Why include me? In the event that Damon had the option to coordinate everything, to so consistently mesh his way into the Sutherlands’ lives and make ready for my appearance, why stage such an exhibition? Why mess with a marriage? Why not simply count on Winfield and urge him and the teller to purge his tremendous records? Does he mean to live as a human? Does he need the marriage for authenticity in New York society? Is it true that he is essentially aim after tormenting me? Or on the other hand is there something I’m missing? Some mystery point I can’t perhaps start to imagine†¦ The sum total of what I have are questions. Also, I dread that the appropriate responses won’t come until the principal dead body appears. Later that Monday evening, I remained on the rooftop deck of one of the most astonishing Federal-style houses at any point constructed. Thin segments bolstered a taking off patio over a conventional passageway, to which a terrific, bended garage moved up as imperially as an honorary pathway. From casement to cornice everything about astutely considered and never exaggerated. The lounge area, huge and oval, was (as close as should have been obvious) precisely equivalent to the one in the White House. The White House. In our new capital. That’s the kind of spot the Commandant’s House was, as befitted the man who took care of the Brooklyn Naval Yards. What it needed size and present day contacts, (for example, the Sutherlands’ living arrangement), it more than compensated for in consummately manicured yards, a fine plantation, and a fabulous perspective on Manhattan. The property was roosted nearly on a precipice looking over the East River and the city that was under the Navy’s insurance. Commodore Matthew Perry himself had lived there before. I moaned at its heavenliness. â€Å"No,† Bridget stated, shaking her head unequivocally and heading back ground floor, getting the train of her skirts in an extremely systematic manner. Her little escort followed, chuckling great naturedly. â€Å"It’s too white,† kidded Bram. â€Å"It’s too small,† included Hilda. â€Å"But it’s mind blowing! The perspectives! The size! The†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I said. â€Å"What’s amiss with this one?† â€Å"Placement. It’s in Brooklyn,† Bridget stated, scarcely recognizing her life partner. â€Å"No one goes to Brooklyn to be married.† Winfield and his significant other took a gander at one another with old love, plainly recollecting their own wedding. Obviously it had been very unobtrusive †he had not made his fortune yet. Neither one of them had disapproved. But then they were happy to enjoy their most youthful little girl in her most costly trips of extravagant. Lydia grinned and mumbled something to Damon, who wasn’t truly focusing. She didn’t mind where she was hitched. While it was to be a twofold component with us two â€Å"happy† couples getting married simultaneously, she had charitably permitted her sister to choose all the subtleties. The Sutherlands were at any rate ostensibly Episcopal, yet evidently neither Damon’s nor my religion, or scarcity in that department, was a trouble, nor was a legitimate church important to the procedures; a family house of prayer †an exceptionally rich family’s sanctuary †would be sufficient. Bridget was exceptionally present day that way. â€Å"So for what reason did we trouble seeing those houses on Prospect Park?† Margaret mumbled. â€Å"If Brooklyn is out, I mean.† â€Å"I rather loved the one with all the Romanesque arches,† I stated, anxious to move this part of the trick weddings. â€Å"Fear not, brother,† Damon stated, throwing me on the shoulder. â€Å"Only four more to go. Back in Manhattan.† We clacked down the precarious, wooden, and rather antiquated steps to the ground floor, expressing gratitude toward the steward for giving us access. At that point it was a stroll down to the Fulton Ferry landing, where a pontoon would take us across to a genuine troop of carriages for the long uptown drive. â€Å"This would be a decent spot for a frozen yogurt parlor,† Lydia commented, strolling around the dock meditatively. â€Å"You need an ice cream?† Damon asked, as though to a four-year-old. On the off chance that being with Bridget was awful enough, with me continually wincing at the things that came out of her mouth, the anxious pressure of trusting that Damon will say or accomplish something ghastly was surprisingly more terrible. I was filled with anticipation the whole day. Since Damon would state something loathsome, sooner or later, to Lydia, when he felt sick of playing the round of mindful admirer. His capacity to focus for games †other than ones he was wagering on †was unimaginably restricted. â€Å"Yes,† Lydia said. â€Å"And there’s no frozen yogurt here. Furthermore, there ought to be.† â€Å"Won’t matter,† Bridget stated, attempting to add something valuable to the discussion. â€Å"Soon there’s going to be a goliath scaffold and this will all be concealed off and there won’t be anything with the exception of boisterous carriages and the smell of horses.† Bram, the first wellspring of this data, shook his head. â€Å"No, Bridgey, the edge is fine. Look where the sun is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I inclined toward a dock railing, looking over our little gathering. The young ladies in this setting resembled a scene from a canvas, the four ladies’ cheeks ruddy with daylight and the effort of the day, the long strips from their straw caps blowing in the breeze, their soft strolling skirts cleared facing their legs by the ocean breeze. They were all lovely, and for one minute I could overlook my current circumstance. Margaret purchased a paper from a newsy to peruse on the stumble over. It was a fine day for a pontoon ride and oddly the East River didn’t repulse me the manner in which crisp running water typically did. Bridget went to plunk down inside the ship, not needing any more sun on her skin, which was unexpected and silly thinking about my own circumstance. I was unwinding just because that day, my face up to the sun, letting my Mediterranean skin take on a tanned, sound sparkle. And afterward Margaret thudded down in the seat close to me. â€Å"You appear to be at any rate more sensible than the other fiance,† Margaret snapped. â€Å"Tell me. What do you need with my family. Cash? The business? What?† I moaned internally. â€Å"You need to accept me,† I stated, fixing her blue eyes with my own hazel ones. Without convincing her, I willed my voice to sound as authentic as could be expected under the circumstances. I took her arms in my grasp, which was intense, however I required her to comprehend. â€Å"I am not after Bridget’s riches. All I need is your family’s security and satisfaction. I pledge to you by whatever you want.† â€Å"That’s simply the issue. I don’t comprehend what your statement is worth. I don’t know you. No one knows you,† Margaret said. Moaning, she removed her cap. â€Å"It’s just†¦ so†¦ odd. I can perceive any reason why Bridget likes you, you’re surely attractive and well-mannered†¦.† I cast my eyes down, humiliated. â€Å"But truly †no papers, no history, only an escapee of the South? This is Bridget we’re discussing. She needed Papa to take all of us on a voyage through Europe so she could catch the core of a lord, or sovereign, or possibly a duke. Nothing not as much as eminence for her. Furthermore, no offense, you’re about as a long way from eminence as one can get.† â€Å"Well, and Lydia got her tally, I suppose.† â€Å"Yes,† Margaret said mindfully. She peered toward me, pushing a dark ringlet of hair back behind her ear. â€Å"And shouldn't something be said about Damon DeSangue†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I shrugged, attempting to look blameless. â€Å"What do you consider him? You two have been†¦ bizarrely close since your twofold announcements of love.† I gazed into the separation south, where the forceful Hudson and East waterways joined and turned into the ocean. I concealed the city from my eyes, shutting it out, and the sun was splendid white and rose over old, colorful waters. What amount might I be able to advise her without jeopardizing her? She was by all accounts the just one in the family with a reasonable head on her shoulders. I considered Katherine and whether my family would have been more ready with some notice. â€Å"Don’t trust him,† I at long last conceded, trusting I wasn’t putting her at more serious hazard. â€Å"I don’t.† â€Å"Hm.† She investigated at Damon, who was talking animatedly with Bram and Winfield. â€Å"Neither do I.† Bridget had picked the following not many scenes to visit as distant as it was conceivable to get from where we were. The manor of the Richards was close to Fort Tryon on the northern tip of Manhattan, while the Fulton Ferry dock was at the southeastern end. The moderate ride in our carriages from down

Computer Physical Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PC Physical Security - Essay Example Biometric qualities are solely individual; subsequently making such attributes a premise of client ID gives high dependability of security. So we may characterize a biometric framework as 'an example acknowledgment framework which perceives a client by deciding the validness of a particular physiological or conduct trademark controlled by the user'2. The tests made by the International Computer Security Association (ICSA) have permitted to give testaments to rather set number of frameworks of biometric distinguishing proof. It is important to see that six items certificated by the ICSA have been chosen because of the cautious investigation from an a lot of models. In the manual 'Biometric Industry Product Guide' gave by the ICSA, there is a portrayal of 170 frameworks, permitting to make distinguishing proof of clients on premise of their remarkable physical parameters. Numerous free clients, including delegates of the ICSA, acknowledge affirmed frameworks at their actual worth. Most of biometric frameworks work in the accompanying manner: the computerized sign of a unique mark, an iris or a voice is put away in the framework database. An individual, who will gain admittance to a PC organize, enters his/her very own biometric data into the framework by methods for a mouthpiece, a scanner of fingerprints or different gadgets. The got information are contrasted and the example, which is kept in the database. Let us consider the generally utilized biometric frameworks of registers get to control.FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION As of late the dactyloscopy has pulled in the consideration as a biometric parameter, which perhaps will turn into the most mainstream later on. As of now the use of this innovation has gotten wide flow in Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) utilized by police all through all region of the USA and more than in other 30 nations of the world. In the USA gadgets of access control dependent on unique finger impression distinguishing proof are set up in military organization, including the Pentagon. Among the upsides of unique mark scanners are effortlessness, ease of use and unwavering quality. In spite of the fact that the percent of incorrect negative distinguishing proof is around 3 %, a slip-up of positive access is short of what balanced million. All procedure of ID keeps going close to a few seconds and doesn't request any endeavors from those, who utilize the given arrangement of access. These days such frameworks are made in the size of not exactly a pack of cards. The specific inconvenience obliging the advancement of the given technique is the predisposition of a piece of individuals, which don't wish to make the data on their fingerprints accessible. In this way the counterargument of engineers of such gear is the confirmation that the data about papillate example of a finger isn't put away. What is put away is just short distinguishing proof code built based on unmistakable highlights of your finger-print.HAND GEOMETRY RECOGNITION The technique for ID of clients by hand geometry by it's the innovative structure and the degree of unwavering quality is very practically identical to the strategy for ident

Bulimia Diagnosis Requires 4 Factors

Bulimia Diagnosis Requires 4 Factors Eating Disorders Diagnosis Print Bulimia Diagnosis Requires 4 Factors By Susan Cowden, MS facebook linkedin Susan Cowden is a licensed marriage and family therapist and a member of the Academy for Eating Disorders. Learn about our editorial policy Susan Cowden, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 23, 2019 Zero Creatives / Getty Images More in Eating Disorders Diagnosis Symptoms Treatment Awareness and Prevention Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder in which the person repeatedly eats too much and then takes drastic steps to compensate for that binge eating. When many people think of bulimia, they think of bingeing and purging behaviorâ€"eating too much and then intentionally throwing up. But someone doesnt have to force themselves to repeatedly throw up in order to be diagnosed with bulimia. Bulimia primarily affects adolescent girls and young adult women. Heres what clinicians look for when diagnosing bulimia nervosa. Criteria Needed A person must meet all of the following criteria in order to be diagnosed with bulimia nervosa:Repeated episodes of binge eating, defined as eating an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat during the same amount of time. The person also must feel as though they have lost control over eating and are unable to stop themselves or control how much they are eating.Use of inappropriate behaviors (also known as compensatory behaviors) to avoid weight gain or to compensate for the binge eating. These include self-induced vomiting (likely the best-known of bulimia behaviors), the misuse of laxatives, diuretics and/or enemas, and excessive exercise.Both the binge eating and compensatory behaviors occur at least once a week for three months.The persons weight and/or body shape must have a significant impact on the way the person views himself or herself. These four requirements come from the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, (DSM-V), which is published by the American Psychiatric Association. The DSM-V provides physicians and mental-health professionals with the criteria for diagnosing specific mental disorders, including bulimia nervosa. Other Signs   People suffering from bulimia may not be thinâ€"in fact, unlike those suffering from anorexia nervosa, theyre likely to be at a normal weight. Some may even be a bit overweight. They may feel intense shame at their bulimic behavior, and likely will try to hide it (in some cases, skillfully enough that few people would suspect a problem). Bulimia may lead to additional symptoms over time, such as a constant sore throat or swollen salivary glands, bad teeth, and dehydration. These can result from repeated vomiting. Severe bulimia can cause a heart attack when essential minerals, such as calcium and sodium, become unbalanced due to the bingeing and purging cycles. Symptoms and Warning Signs of Bulimia As many as 2% to 3% of women may suffer from bulimia in the United States, and in some vulnerable populations (college-aged women, specifically), experts estimate up to 10% may meet the diagnostic criteria for bulimia. Men are affected, too, but at about one-tenth the rate of women. Young women may be especially prone to bulimia if they suffered from childhood sexual abuse, if they eat alone, if they live in a sorority house, or if they have low self-esteem. Involvement in athletics or employment in a job that focuses on weight (like modeling or acting) can predispose someone to bulimia. Gay men also have a high rate of bulimia. If you or someone you know is suffering from some or all of the above criteria it is important to see a physician, dietitian, or mental health professional for an assessment. Bulimia Discussion Guide Get our printable guide for your next doctors appointment to help you ask the right questions. Download PDF A Word From Verywell If you dont already see a healthcare professional who specializes in eating disorders, you can always speak to your primary care physician. The key step here is to get the discussion started (whether between you and your doctor or your loved one and his/her doctor). Since eating disorders often go unrecognized or unnoticed, those who suffer from them can find it difficult to reach out for help or return to their normal behaviors. Know that there are optionsâ€"your eating disorder does not need to control you forever. Bulimia and Your Teeth

My Life Is My True Calling - 751 Words

â€Å"No, you cannot marry someone from India!† my Pakistani grandparents said to my father. However, he knew he had to marry her as he knew she would make him happy for the rest of his life. My father has always been my source of determination, courage, and commitment. These qualities in combination with his strength of character helped him convince his parents to bring my mother to Pakistan, despite the social ostracism they faced from the extended family. This is one of the many reasons I idolize my father. As such and with being born into a family of engineers, everyone figured I would grow up to be one, too. However, gradually it dawned on me that medicine was my true calling. The ability to directly bring about a positive change in a person’s life is a splendid notion for me. I knew I had to pursue my passion, which was medicine. I knew it was going to be a long journey plagued with trials and tribulations. At the same time, this reality was eased knowing that I would enjoy the unwavering support of my father. Finally, years of hard work culminated into a moment of jubilation when I found out that I was accepted into Dow Medical College, Karachi, the most prestigious state-funded medical school. As a student, of all my clinical rotations, internal medicine resonated with me the most. The breadth and depth of Internal Medicine is extraordinary and I enjoyed the process of trying to tie a pathological process to a set of given symptoms. It also fostered my intrinsicShow MoreRelatedMy Calling In My Life904 Words   |  4 PagesFinding our true calling in life isn’t always easy. To me a calling is something that you find joy in and are passionate about. As followers of Christ we are told to trust God and follow what He calls us to do. I believe that God directs us down different paths throughout our lives that lead us to a calling rather than just handing it to us. This can be scary as we never know His exact plan. As soon as we get comfortable in one area of our life and feel as if we have found our calling God throws usRead MoreMy Worldview and the Relationship I Want with God Essay1427 Words   |  6 PagesThrough taking this class I have learned how to not only mana ge my life better but my finances and decisions as well, helping me to structure my life around the things that really matter through understanding my own worldview. This class has caused me to do a lot of reflecting on my own life and seeing how it correlates to a Christian worldview, revealing that I need to dedicate more of my time and effort into building my relationship with God. I learned in this class that a worldview is comprisedRead MoreThe Call, Os Guinness1497 Words   |  6 PagesGuinness presents the biblical definition of calling for the Christian. Guinness brings clarity to what true Biblical calling is, and how it should affect our lives. Guinness present the skewed modern conception of calling, that is not at all biblical, and shatters its ideas. Throughout â€Å"The Call†, Guinness explains how calling should transform our lives, and influence everything that we do. Guinness explains that there are two different types of calling that work together; primary and secondary. Read MoreThe Call, Os Guinness1490 Words   |  6 PagesGuinness presents the biblical definition of calling for the Christian. Guinness brings clarity to what true Biblical calling is, and how it should affect our lives. Guinness presents the skewed modern conception of calling, that is not at all biblical, and shatters its ideas. Throughout â€Å"The Call†, Gui nness explains how calling should transform our lives, and influence everything that we do. 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Essay about The Global Dimensions of Religious Terrorism.

The Global Dimensions of religious Terrorism. Mark Juergensmeyer argues that: religious often provides participates in transnational terrorist movements with the violent certainty necessary to develop extraordinary motivation and to engage in violent actions that appear to violate ethical precepts. Religious terrorism often involves holy war on a global scale. During the Cold War, America’s major enemy was the Soviet empire. Then years after, America’s most wanted enemy was a single person Osama bin Laden. He symbolizes a variety of movements of religious activism that despise the symbols of secular power in a global age. Religious nationalism and guerrilla antiglobalism have in common their reliance on bases of authority that in†¦show more content†¦He continues, â€Å"The concept of terrorism was messed up. The term seems to be used only for incidents of violence that people didn’t like or the media have labeled terrorist. What about USA government? How they justify their acts of bombings, of killing innocent people, directly or indirectly, openly or secretly? The USA tries to terrorize nations, to obliterate their power and to tell them, they are nothing and they have to follow†. According to Abouhalima, any form of international political or economic control was a form of terrorism. Conspiracy theories aside, there is a certain amount of truth to the notion that globalization and American dominance are related. U.S. culture and economy have influenced societies around the world in ways that have caused concern to protectors of local societies. There has been a great conflict between secular and religious life throughout the world, and America does inevitable support the secular side of the fight. Regarding nationalism we can conclude that the legitimacy of religious social order as an ideology of nationalism and as an alternative source of authority. The very act of performing vio violence in public is a political act: t announces that the power of the group is equal or superior to that of the state, in most cases this is exactly the message that the group want to convey. At the same time those acts of religious violence announce that their religiousShow MoreRelatedFuture Of Terrorism And Its Future Prospects Within Pakistan1598 Words   |  7 PagesFUTURE OF TERRORISM IN PAKISTAN 1. The threat of terrorism which existed prior to 9/11 got accentuated and transformed into a potent, dynamic and multi-dimensional phenomenon. As of today, few countries in the world are threatened by such diverse forms and manifestations of terrorism as we are; both in the present and futuristic context. There are external influences and there are internal dissentions. 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A Comparative Analysis of Community-Based Tourism in Uganda and Kenya Free Essays

string(123) " tourist products in Uganda are nature-based and are linked to wildlife game reserves, forest reserves and national parks\." 1. Introduction As pointed out by Tasciet al (2013), the contribution made by tourism to the growth of the economy can be enormous. Given the great potential of the tourism sector, several models have been developed over the past few years. We will write a custom essay sample on A Comparative Analysis of Community-Based Tourism in Uganda and Kenya or any similar topic only for you Order Now Community-based tourism, developed in the 1990’s by authors including Pearce (1992) has been suggested to provide for sustainability in the industry (Beeton 2006). Community-based tourism (CBT) can be defined as a bottom-up approach that ensures the involvement of the local communities in the planning process (Koster 2007). Given the potential of CBT, many rural areas are increasingly relying on tourism as an alternative to economic development, replacing their former reliance on forestry, mining and agriculture (Lopez-Guzman et al. 2011). Rural areas are considered important tourist destinations as they appeal to many tourists (Butler et al. 1998). This paper conducts a comparative analysis of community based tourism between Uganda and Kenya. The paper will first define the concept and then explore the demographics and history of tourism in Kenya and Uganda, and finally examine the socio-economic and environmental impacts. A comparative analysis will be done between the two countries by highlighting similarities and differences. 3. Community-Based Tourism Model: Overview The notion of CBT can be traced back to the alternative approaches developed in the 1970s which were concerned with issues beyond the strictly economic (Tefler 2009). During this period, development in the tourism sector began to focus more on community-based initiatives and stressed more on the participation of the local individuals (Giampiccoli Kalis 2012). The concept brought together issues of sustainability, local empowerment and self-reliance. CBT has come about due to the desire for a more inclusive approach to planning that incorporates local values (Koster 2007). The concept of CBT has suffered from competing and ill-thought-out definitions. For example, Suansri (2003) and Ramsa Mohd (2004) view CBT as a tourism venture wholly managed by the local communities. On the other hand, Scheyvens (2002) and Mearns (2003) are inclined to see it as involving a degree of participation or partnership with other stakeholders playing a part. Perhaps the problem with defining the concept can be attributed to the fact that CBT may mean different things to different people. Despite debate over meanings, the CBT framework used in this paper is that initiated, planned, controlled, owned and managed by the local people with the aim of meeting the needs of the entire community. Private enterprises at the micro-level can be considered as part of the definition if the focus is on communal well-being rather than individual profit. The benefits should accrue to the local community and CBT should respect and preserve local culture. 2. Background to Tourism in Kenya and Uganda: Demographics, History, Socio-Economic Considerations and Environmental Sustainability Tourism plays an important role in Kenya, accounting for 10% of GDP and 9% of employment. It is also increasingly profitable with a 17.9% rise in earnings from the sector between 2009 and 2010 (Ndivo et al 2012). Amongst African countries, Kenya is currently ranked 5th for international tourist visits, with approximately 1.5 million international tourists in 2008 (Bunyere et al. 2009). Because it has the potential to generate employment and prosperity, it has been given an increasingly important role in national socio-economic agendas, with a number of key policies and strategies created including the National Tourism Master Plan (Ministry of Tourism Kenya 2009), Tourism Policy (Government of Kenya 2010) and Tourism Bill 2005 (Ndivo et al 2012). Although there is potential to develop tourism around the country, historically interest has centred on the beaches of the south coast, national parks and game reserves (Ndivo et al 2012). According to a survey conducted by the EU, 63% of EU visitors in Kenya chose coastal areas as their tourist destination (Kibicho 2004). Wildlife is also a popular attraction, with70% of the tourism earnings in Kenya coming from wildlife-based tourism (Bunyere et al, 2009). Given the critical importance of the tourism sector in Kenya, it is extremely vital to protect and conserve these significant resources. Indeed, conservation policies and collaborative schemes have been already been put in place. There is a large area of protected land, and 10% of Kenya’s land has been designated as national park and game reserve land (Akama et al., 2011). Critical biodiversity areas and the rich cultural coastal region form the flourishing tourism sector in Kenya. Although measures to protect Kenya’s ecology have been put in place, there are concerns over sustainability, and the country continues to experience accelerated decline and destruction of critical biodiversity areas. There has been a decline in wildlife population in national parks and game reserves at rates similar to non-protected areas, indicating the state’s inability to protect critical biodiversity (Akama et al., 2011). Moreover, coastal tourism which has for decades dominated has experienced a rapid decline in the recent years owing to the tribal clashes that have erupted (Cheung 2012). Kenya’s coastal tourism industry experienced a period of unprecedented dismal performance with 56% of the hotels closing in 2008 (Akama et al., 2011). Although much of the violence that occurred was tribal in nature, findings indicate that lack of community participation and involvement in tourism activities in the coast was a major factor contributing to these ethnic clashes. Had the local communities been involved in the tourism activities, such ethnic flare-ups would have been averted. The ethnic flare-ups, land use conflict between local communities and wildlife managers, threats of extinction of species and the apparent inability of the state to protect critical biodiversity areas have led to a new realization of the importance of community based tourism in Kenya (Korir et al 2013). Considerable effort has now been made to provide support to CBT enterprises including donor funding. Further, a framework that gives impetus to successful and sustainable operations of CBT ventures has been linked into the overall national policy (Akama et al. 2011). History of Ugandan tourism sector and socio-economic contributions Tourism also has a role to play in the Ugandan economy. Similar to Kenya, main tourist products in Uganda are nature-based and are linked to wildlife game reserves, forest reserves and national parks. You read "A Comparative Analysis of Community-Based Tourism in Uganda and Kenya" in category "Essay examples" Other attractions include cultural heritage, community development, eco-tourism and faith-based tourism (Paul, 2004). The importance of involving the local communities in tourism activities is also evident in Uganda. Conflicts between the locals and the government have largely been due to their lack of involvement in planning and development activities. For example, after the establishment of Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in 1992, conflicts arose between the locals and the park. The conflicts that led to the burning up of 5% of the park by the local community was evidence enough that the park would not be protected without consent and local support (Mujuni et al. 2003). A collaborative management plan was however set up which promoted participation of the locals in park management and revenue sharing. As a result, conflict ended and the locals committed themselves to protecting and preserving the park. The experience showed the importance of local community involvement in tourism activities. Uganda used to be a key leader in tourism in the past. In the early, 1960s Uganda used to be the main tourism destination in East Africa(Frederic, 2011). However, the unprecedented turmoil of the 1970’s and early 80’s led to a decline in the tourism industry (Paul, 2004). As a result, Uganda lost its position as a top tourist destination in East Africa to Kenya. However, the government that took over in the mid 80’s restored peace and stability (frederic, 2011). Since then, the sector has been steadily increasing despite lagging behind Kenya in terms of its contribution to GDP. Unlike in Kenya where tourism contributes around 10% of the GDP, Ugandan tourism industry is estimated to contribute 4% of the total GDP(Sanchez-Canizares, 2013). Nonetheless, there has been an increasing trend in tourism with the number of international tourist visits increasing from 468,000 in 2005 to over 940,000 in 2010 (Paul, 2004). Given that both countries are still developing, it is worthwhile to examine some of the similarities and differences between the two countries. Comparative analysis of community based tourism between Kenya and Uganda Similarities Socio-economic impact The two countries share certain things in common starting with the embracement and recognition of community based tourism as an important tool for reducing poverty. Both countries have embraced and given emphasis to development of community based tourism as an important tool for poverty reduction (Sanchez-Canizares, 2013). There are several community based tourism projects in both Kenya and Uganda. Some of the popular community based tourism projects in Kenya are: the Kimana Community Wildlife Sanctuary, Mwaluganje, Sera Conservancy and Kalacha Bandas in Marsabit among many other(Tang, 2013) Similarly, Ugandan ministry of tourism has laid emphasis on the importance of community based tourism in the country. The idea of community based conservation has become the focus of the industry. Perhaps this has been driven by the recognition of the benefits of involving the local community in tourism development including: poverty reduction, decline in conflicts with the ministry over land used and reduced poaching activities (frederic, 2011) Some of the successful community based projects in Uganda include Lake Nkuruba Nature Sanctuary, Buhoma Community Restcamp, Mgahinga Community Campground, Busingiro and Kaniyo Pabidi community project, Ruboni Community Campground and Bigodi Wetland Sanctuary(Zeppel, 2006). Participation of the locals in these projects is high. For example, in Bigodi Wetland Sanctuary, the local people are involved in community-guided walks and bird watching tours (Zeppel 2006). Both countries seem to be embracing community tourism as an important tool for reducing poverty. Another similarity can be seen with the funding of these projects. Most of these projects are donor funded. Kenya is heavily reliant on donor funding. In fact, almost 100% of community based tourism development activities in Kenya is donor funded. For example, funds from USAID and World Bank were used to set up an electric fence around the Kimana Community Wildlife Sanctuary (Jonathan et al. 2013). Mwaluganje, another community based tourism development activity, was established through donor funding. Sera Conservancy that was formed to empower the local Samburu communities in Kenya was established with funds from USAID. The EU has also played a major role in funding community based tourism development in Kenya. In 2000, a massive grant of 5.5 million Euros was released by the EU which saw the establishment of 16 community based tourism developments in Kenya (Ruhiu 2007). Other key players funding CBT in Kenya include international bodies such as the UNDP, conservation based NGOs such as AWF, Pact Kenya and WWF; and national agencies such as Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) and Kenya Forest Research Institute (KEFRI) (Jonathan et al. 2013). It is clear that donor funding has played a major role in the development of community based tourism in Kenya. The government’s role has merely been the provision of an enabling environment such as security, programme coordination and policy formulation (Ruhiu 2007). Similarly, Community Based Tourism Enterprises (CBTE’s) in Uganda rely predominantly on donor funding. The Mgahinga Bwindi community project was established with funds from the World BANK (Mujuni et al. 2003). Moreover, the two major associations Uganda Community Tourism Association (UCOTA) and (NACOBTA) in charge of promoting community based tourism in Uganda by providing loans and training to the local communities are predominantly donor funded. NACOBTA is 99% donor funded whereas UCOTA is 44.8% donor funded (Elisa et al., 2001) UCOTA empowers the local Ugandan communities to improve their livelihood through participating in sustainable tourism development activities. The association helps the local communities by aiding in the sale of handcrafts, providing accommodation, and tour guiding. Furthermore, both countries have witnessed improved livelihoods due to community based tourism activities. For example, the Mgahinga Bwindi Community Project in Uganda has improved the livelihoods of the locals living around Bwindi Impenetrable National Park. Many of the local population living nearby have been employed as park rangers and ‘porters’ (labourers). The community has also benefited through improved infrastructure including roads, education and health facilities. About 60% of the Mgahinga Bwindi Impenetrable Forest Conservation Trust has been devoted towards development of local community projects (Adams Infield 2013). The local communities in Kenya have also benefited from employment and improved livelihoods. The locals living near Mwaluganje, Sera Conservancy and Kalacha Bandas in Marsabit have benefited from schools, clinics and boreholes which have been built by these projects (Ruhiu 2007). Further, pro-poor tourism have assisted women with bead making through provision of platform for selling their products. Whilst these benefits are encouraging, participation of the locals in both countries is still far from enough. Although some of the locals have managed to secure jobs and improve their livelihoods, most of them are paid low salaries, an equivalent of 30 pounds per month (Ruhiu 2007). This certainly doesn’t really improve their livelihood that much. In fact, critics have argued that community based tourism and tourism in general should not necessarily be relied on as a tool for poverty alleviation. According to them, tourism does not compete well with sectors such as agriculture which have higher potential of reducing poverty. Environment impact Also, community based tourism in both countries have led to positive impacts on the environment. For example, in Uganda, KAFRED has created awareness among the local communities bordering wetlands about the importance of protecting and preserving the environment (Adams Infield 2013). This has led to a reduction in encroachment and eucalyptus planting in the wetlands. Further programs such as the National Wetlands Program and Semliki conservation project which have risen from CBT activities have established village by-laws governing the use of wetlands (Adams Infield 2013). Environmental education has played a role in ensuring sustainability of tourism. Similarly, in Kenya, involvement of the local people in tourism activities has led to reduction in wildlife poaching and destruction of forests. Community wildlife and conservation ventures in Kenya have played a major role towards protecting the environment and preserving wildlife (Jonathan et al. 2013). Environment degradation has reduced and conservation measures strengthened with the help of the locals who are employed as park ranges and ‘porters’. Community based tourism and eco-tourism have led the way towards responsible travel with important environmental benefits. Differences Having highlighted the similarities, it is important to identify some of the differences in community based tourism between the two countries. One particular difference relates to the extent to which community based tourism is promoted. CBT in Uganda is only limited to areas within or along the forest reserves and national parks. Almost all of the community projects are within or along the forest reserves and national parks. For example, the Buhoma Community Restcamp is within the impenetrable Bwindi Forest national park. The Mgahinga Community Campground project lies next to Mgahinga Gorilla National Park (Zeppel 2006). Others including the Bigodi Wetland Sanctuary, Busingiro and Kaniyo community project and the Ruboni community campground are located along or near national parks and forest reserves (Zeppel 2006). Community based tourism activities in Uganda continue to be limited to areas lying within or along the national parks and forest reserves. This has been echoed by Industry operators who have highlighted ‘limited efforts to promoting community tourism at the national level’ as one of the main concern of tourism development in Uganda. In stark contrast, community based tourism is promoted at the national level as evident with the opening up of new areas of possibility such as sports tourism, eco tourism, adventure safaris, horse and camel safaris, walk tours, and cultural tourism among many others (Cobb 2006). Further, programs such as the Enterprise Development Program have been implemented across the country to build the local capacity and integrate communities into tourism development activities. Such programs ensure the mobilization of the community through seminars, debates, regional workshops and participatory trainings (Ruhiu 2007). Further the local communities are provided advisory services on product development and market access which helps strengthen growth of their enterprises (Cobb 2006). This has been driven by the realization of the potential of community based tourism to reduce poverty, and multiplier effects of the tourism sector as a whole in driving the economy. Perhaps another difference that can be pointed between CBT in Kenya and Uganda relates to the coastal attraction. While community based ecotourism ventures along the coastal region form the flourishing tourism sector in Kenya, Uganda being a landlocked country does not have any coastal attractions (Mulinda Wilbert 2009). Coastal attraction features provides Kenya with an edge over Uganda(Wilbert, 2009). Beaches, sun-basking, the aquatic life at the coast and rich culture that includes performances, dances and the contemporary ways of living of the coastal people make it a popular tourist destination. Another difference is related to the marketing and promotion of CBT activities. Unlike Uganda, Kenya has invested more in marketing and promotion of tourism activities. For example, last year, Kenya budgeted $34 million dollars for tourism promotion and marketing. This is in stark contrast with Uganda’s budget of only $90,000 (UIA 2014). While this may be seen as impacting on development in the overall sector, community based enterprises are also affected in terms of the number of visits and revenues generated from sale of products. Uganda’s funding of the sector remains very low despite the potential of becoming a multi-billion sector. The slow pace of tourism in Uganda can be attributed to the lack of identity at the international level. While Kenya has promoted their visibility at the international level, Uganda is still lagging behind in terms of investing fully in promotion of tourism. While CBT in Kenya has grown much faster than Uganda, it has not developed as expected owing to many factors including in adequate funds for marketing and promoting tourism, transparency and governance issues, lack of marketing skills and absence of a system for ensuring equitable sharing of the opportunities and benefits accruing from tourism activities. For example, while Kenya’s budget for promotion of tourism may be $34 million, the Kenya Tourism Board receives only $6 million. Further, funding remains a major problem in both Kenya and Uganda. Given that these countries are still developing, there are very limited financial resources for supporting CBTEs. Even when these finances are incorporated in government budgets, they are often inadequate to support CBT developments (Ruhiu, 2007). As a result, community based tourism has often relied on foreign investment which may lead to the rise of neo-colonial structures discussed above as foreign investors seek control of tourism resources. Whereas Kenya may be ahead of Uganda in terms of pro-tourism development, it is still far from being developed as it is still prone to failures resulting from limited funding, poor infrastructure development, lack of formal education, political influences and inadequate representation of the locals. CBT in Kenya still remains very low with lack of local representation in the workforce. While the industry may boast of over 500,000 jobs, the employment opportunities remain inequitably distributed (Cheung 2012). Most of the local communities are missing out on employment opportunities as these are being taken over by the outside workforce. According to a survey conducted by Bruyere et al. (2009), 64% of the local community members found the employment opportunities to be insufficient. Kenya’s community based approach to tourism development is still largely skewed to the interest of tourism (hotels, hospitality and service) with limited representation of the locals. There are also political considerations to take into account. For example, a neo-colonial structure has emerged within the industry as some foreign investors seek control of tourism resources. (Cheung 2012). This has resulted in social and political disempowerment of the locals as neo-colonial structures have made it increasingly difficult for them to participate in the planning and decision making process. Although there exist more opportunities for local entrepreneurs to invest in the industry compared to Uganda especially given the ongoing development agenda that encourages of the growth SMEs, a divide of power continues to disengage and disempower the local communities. The majority of Kenyans continue to live below the poverty line with the highest incidence of poverty occurring in tourist destination areas. 5. Conclusion The above has looked at the notion of CBT with particular reference to the situation in Kenya and Uganda. From the analysis, both countries seem to share certain commonalities and differences as well. For example, community based tourism is embraced in both countries and recognized as an important tool for reducing poverty. Also, both countries are heavily reliant on donor funding. Moreover, the locals in both countries have experienced improvement in their livelihoods through employment opportunities, and access to school and health facilities. Further, Pro-poor tourism has assisted women with bead making through provision of platform for selling products. Both countries have also seen improvement in their environments which has resulted due to community development projects and conservation ventures. In Uganda, programs such as the National Wetlands Program and Semliki conservation project have established village by-laws governing the use of wetlands. Community wildlife and conservation ventures in Kenya have played a major role towards protecting the environment and preserving wildlife. There are also sharp differences in CBT developments in both countries. For example, community based tourism activities in Uganda are limited to areas lying within or along the national parks and forest reserves. In stark contrast, community based tourism in Kenya is promoted at the national level as evident with the opening up of new areas of possibility such as sports tourism, eco tourism, adventure safaris, horse and camel safaris, walk tours, and cultural tourism. Another difference is that Uganda being a landlocked country does not have coastal attractions. On the other hand, beaches, sun-basking, the aquatic life at the Kenyan coast and rich culture that includes performances, dances and the contemporary ways of living of the coastal people make it a popular tourist destination. Additionally, Kenya has invested more in marketing and promotion of tourism activities compared to Uganda. While Kenya has promoted their visibility at the international level, Uganda is still lagging behind in terms of investing fully in promotion of tourism. While CBT in Kenya has grown much faster than Uganda, it has not developed as expected owing to many factors including in adequate funds for marketing and promoting tourism, transparency and governance issues, lack of marketing skills and absence of a system for ensuring equitable sharing of the opportunities and benefits accruing from tourism activities. Nonetheless, the future of tourism in both these two countries lies in community based tourism. The potential of CBT to reduce poverty and make the sector sustainable is enormous. Not only can CBT help in enhancing biodiversity conservation but it can also generate income and bring economic growth to the local communities. 6. References Adams, W. and Infield, M. 2013. Community conservation at mgahinga gorilla national park, uganda. Institute for Development Policy and Management, Manchester. Akama, J. and Starry, P., 2000. Cultural tourism in Africa: strategies for new millennium.Africa International Conference, Mombasa, Kenya. Beeton, S (2006) Community Development Through Tourism, USA: Landlinks Press Bruyere, B.L., Beh, A.W. and Lelengula, G., 2009. ‘Differences in perceptions of communication, tourism benefits, and management issues in a protected area of rural Kenya’. Environmental Management, 43, 49-59 Butler, R., Hall, C.M. Jenkins, J. 1998. ‘Continuity and change in rural tourism: Introduction’ in R. Butler, C.M. Hall and J. Jenkins (eds) Tourism and Recreation in Rural Areas (New York: Wiley) 3-17 Cheung, H., 2012.Tourism in kenya’s national parks: a cost-benefit analysis. Kenya Giampiccoli, A. and Kalis, J.H., 2012. Community-based tourism and local culture: the case of the amaMpondo, vol. 10 (1), pp. 173-188 Frederic, T., Grace, B, and Celestine, k. 2011. Opportunity study: Uganda inclusive tourism. Jonathan, T. B., Nelly, J., and Nehemia, K., 2013. ‘An examination of Kenya’s outbound tourism to ugandan destinations: towards re-thinking Kenya’s tourism product development and marketing’. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development 4(8). Kibicho, W., 2004. Community tourism: a lesson from Kenya’s coastal region. Journal of Vacation Marketing, Vol. 10, pp.33-42 Korir, J, Muchiri, J and Kamwea, J 2013. ‘Wildlife Based Tourism, Ecology and Sustainability of Protected Areas in Kenya’ Journal of Natural Sciences Research 3:3, Koster, R.L., 2007.An evaluation of community based tourism development: how theory intersects practice. Priarie Perspectives Lopez-Guzman, T. and Sanchez-Canizares, S. and Pavon, V., 2011.‘Community based tourism in developing countries: a case study’. An International Multidisciplinary Journal of Tourism, vol.6 (1), pp 69-84 Mearns, K., 2003. Commmunity based tourism. The key to empowering the Sankuyo community in Botswana. Africa Insight, 33:29-32 Mujuni C.N., K. N., P. van de Kop, A. Baldascini and S. Grouwels 1., 2003. ‘Community-based forest enterprise development for improved livelihoods and biodiversity conservation: A case study from bwindi world heritage site, uganda’. In World Forestry Congress. Canada, Quebec City. Ndivo RM, Waudo, J N and Waswa F 2012. ‘Examining Kenya’s Tourist Destinations’ Appeal: the Perspectives of Domestic Tourism Market.’. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality, 1, 103. OECD 2012.Tourism Trends and Policies, OECD Publishing, UK Paul, A. 2004. Tourism in a rural Ugandan village: impacts, local meaning and implications for development. Pergamon, New York. Pearce, D. 1992 ‘Alternative tourism: concepts, classifications and questions’, in Smith, V.L. and Eadington, W. R., (eds), Tourism Alternatives: Potentials and Problems in theDevelopment of Tourism, New York: John Wiley and Sons pp. 18–30. Rihiu, J.M., 2007. Capital for investing in community based tourism (CBT) – grants vs loans. National Ecotourism Conference Sanchez-Canizares, T. and Lopez_GuzmanL, 2013. Community – based tourism in developing countries: A case study Tourismos: An International Multidisciplinary Journal Of Tourism 6(1):69-84. Scheyvens, R., 2002. Tourism for development empowering community. Harlow: Prentice Hall Suansri, P., 2003. Community based tourism handbook.Responsible ecological social tour – REST project, Thailand. Tasci, A.D., semrad, K.J. and yilmaz, S., 2013. Community based tourism: finding the equilibrium in the COMCEC context setting the pathway for the future. Tang, K. 2013. Community based tourism. Singapore. Tefler, D.J., 2009. ‘Development studies and tourism’. In: Jamal, T. and Robinson, M. (eds). The SAGE handbook of tourism studies, London: SAGE Publications Zeppel, H. 2006. Indigenous Ecotourism: Sustainable Development and Management. CABI. How to cite A Comparative Analysis of Community-Based Tourism in Uganda and Kenya, Essay examples

Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Twain Essay Example For Students

Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Twain Essay In the Style of Twain The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is said to be the source from which all great American literature has stemmed (Smith127). This is in part attributed to Mark Twains ability to use humor andsatire, as well as incorporating serious subject matter into his work. Throughout the novel Twain takes on the serious issue of Hucks moral dilemma. One such issue which is particularly important in the novel is pointed out bySmith: He swears and smokes, but he has a set of ethics all his own. He believesthat slaves belong to their rightful owners, yet in his honest gratitude towardhis friend Jim, he helps him to escape the bonds of slavery. (181) This issomething that tears at Huck throughout the novel and helps Twain show howcomplex Hucks character really is. The recognition of complexity inHucks character enabled Twain to do full justice to the conflict of vernacularvalues and the dominant culture (Smith 125). Throughout Huck and Jimsadventures Huck is constantly playing practical jokes on Jim who seems to takethem all in stride. But unknown to the reader Twain uses this aspect as anothernotch in Hucks moral 2 growth. Critic Frank McGill points this out: Huckshumble apology for the prank he plays on Jim in the fog is striking evidence ofgrowth in Hucks moral insight. It leads naturally to the next chapter in whichTwain causes Huck to face up for the first time to the fact he is helping aslave escape.(119) Another serious issue addressed by Twain is the abuse thatwas given to Huck by his father. Huck was kidnaped from the Widow Douglas by hisfather who had heard of his inheritance. Hucks father then took him to a cabinfar away in the woods where he kept the boy a prisoner, beating him and halfstarving him. Twain tells us how Huck felt about life with his father: Beforelong Huck began to wonder why he had even liked living with the widow. With hisfather he could smoke and swear all he wanted, and his life would have beenquiet pleasant if it had not been for all of the constant beatings. (156) Huckwould soon after grow tired of the beatings and fakes his death to escape thecabin. The humorous side of Twain is probably what he is most well known for. Humor is considered an art form by many writers. Jane Bernadette states thedifference between humor and comical stories: The humorous story is strictly awork of art high and delicate and only an Curran 3 artist can tell it; but noart is necessary in telling the comic and the witty story; anybody can do it. The art of telling a humorous story-understand, I mean by word of mouth, notprint-was created in America and has remained at home. (159) Twain satirizes thesouth for its seriousness on certain matters. I think one of the mostnotably southern traits of Mark Twains humor is its power of seeing the fun ofsouthern seriousness(Bernadette 175). Twain also satirizes the society ofthe ?day by describing the colonel Grangerford as the symbol ofsouthern aristocracy(245). Twain also goes on to satirize the southsracism. One such instance is pointed out in the novel when Aunt Polly hears of asteamboat explosion. Good gracious is anyone hurt? No,it just killed a negro (209). Religious satire is another aspectthat Twain uses. An easy illustration of this is the Widows attempt to teachHuck religious principles while she persists on keeping slaves. Hucksprinciples of morality make him more ?Christian than the Widow even though hetakes no interest in her lifeless principles(Bernadette 288). Twainshu mor has been mistaken by some to be racist or politically incorrect. Thehumor of Mark Twain contains a sense of the incongruous which frontiersmen feltin a region where civilization and uncultivated nature come face to face(McGill 95). In conclusion I think that the style and structure of Mark Twainswork not only exemplifies him as a humorist but as a serious writer as well ; awriter who cannot be Curran 4 categorized by any one aspect of his writing. .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43 , .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43 .postImageUrl , .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43 , .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43:hover , .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43:visited , .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43:active { border:0!important; } .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43:active , .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43 .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue0d9bdc391ca0e1d7b9bd50258580c43:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Best chews dogs, daily best cats fish, daily best EssayTo remember him only as a creator of boyhood adventure or as a relic of anAmerican frontier or the voice of idiosyncracy is to do him disservice(McGill 211). BibliographyBernadette, Jane. American Realism . Toronto: Educational ResourcesCorporation, 1972. McGill, Frank. American Writers. Montana: University ofMontana, 1974. Smith, Henry. Mark Twain: Development of a Writer. London: OxfordPress, 1962 Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. New York: PenguinPress, 1996

Foreign Direct Investment Impacts on the Economic Development

Introduction According to the definition presented by Borensztein and Gregorio (1997), foreign direct investment (FDI) is the process through which a corporation directly invests in a nation other than its parent country. On the other hand, Graham (1991) defined foreign direct investment as the process through which a company purchases or constructs tangible assets in a foreign nation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Foreign Direct Investment Impacts on the Economic Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These assets can be in the form of land, processing plants, machineries, equipments, buildings and so on. From these definitions, it is evident that FDI is a process through which a corporation invests in a foreign counry. In the process, both the corporation and the host nation benefit from this process in terms of economic gains. The concept of foreign direct investment has been present for several decade s now. Between 1985 and 1988 for instance, foreign direct investment within the United States of America increased from $47 billion to $139 billion (Graham, 1991). This remarkable increase in foreign direct investment was attributed to the high level of commercial inflow within the nation. Toyota is a prime example of a company that increased its investments in the automobile industry in the United States during the 1980s. As a result, therefore, the level of foreign ownership in the United States has increased tremendously. On the other hand, foreign direct investments have facilitated the economic growth of many countries especially in developing nations. Despite the fact that foreign direct investments do not have a huge impact on the capital gains of these nations, their resulting impacts on their economic growth has been changing over the years especially because there are alternative sources of finance to support FDIs in developing nations. Given these facts, therefore, this p aper will focus on the impacts of FDIs on the virtuous circle of economic development. To achieve this, the paper will analyze the impacts that FDIs have on the economy of a given nation and the resultant effects. The Impacts of FDI on the Host Nation In the modern world, FDIs play an important role in maintaining and developing the economies of developed nations, emerging economies, countries that are in transition as well as developing nations (Tulug, 2004). FDIs increase the level of employment within the host nation, bring about modernization and technological development, enhance the level of international trade, increase the level of competition among domestic companies and play a critical role in the development of human capital formation.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other than achieving economic success, FDIs are also helpful in achieving social needs of host nat ions. Through social corporate responsibility schemes, FDIs can introduce modern technologies that are safe for the environment. At the same time, these corporations can start up programs that aim at alleviating common social problems such as drug abuse, HIV/AIDS prevention and management and so on. However, the success of FDIs highly relies on the policies that have been put in place by the host nation. These policies are essential in determining the relationship that will exist between the corporation, the host nation and the native population. The presence of well-defined policies is thus essential to ensure that the roles of each stakeholder are as well as the goals and objectives of the initiative have been clearly defined. Poor policies on the other hand might reduce the profitability of FDIs. The balance of payments might also be affected. Consequently, conflicts might arise between the host nation and investing corporations. At the same time, the native community might have negative attitudes and perceptions towards FDIs especially if they do not benefit either directly or indirectly from them. Therefore, to ensure that FDIs are successful in the short run and in the long run, a balance needs to be achieved between the benefits and shortcomings that can be accrued. It is as a result of this fact that several models have been developed to ensure that a virtuous circle of economic development is achieved. These models will not only guarantee that the goals and objectives of that have been set up through FDIs are achieved but also the economy of the host nation grows and develops at a remarkable rate. FDI and Economic Growth It has always been asserted that FDIs play a critical role in increasing the level of productivity and income in the host nation. However, it is difficult to ascertain precisely how FDIs achieve these goals (OECD, 2002). From studies that have been conducted, it is evident that FDIs have a huge economic impact as compared to local inv estments within the host nation. Thus, for FDIs to be successful, they have to venture into the market and the economy of the host nation as Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) (OECD, 2002). However, the effect that MNEs have on the economy of developing nations is somehow different. As Easterly (2003) asserted, the level of economic growth in developing nations is relatively low in terms of the impacts arising from MNEs as compared to the economies of developed nations. This trend has been attributed to the fact that fact that the level of education, technology, and infrastructural development in developing nations have not reached an optimum level to enable their economies to benefit fully from FDIs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Foreign Direct Investment Impacts on the Economic Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At the same time, the impaired financial markets of developing nations act as a barrier t o economic development. Therefore, to achieve a virtuous circle of economic development, it has always been advised that either MNEs should initiate and be involved directly or indirectly in processes that will result in the development of infrastructure and improvement in the financial sector in host countries. FDI and Trade The goal of any nation is to achieve economic sustainability in the short run and in the long run. Industrialization is one of the avenues that play a critical role in achieving this goal. The level of industrialization in developing countries is very low. These nations import more than what they export. Such nations will therefore benefit from inward FDI contributions. Inward FDI is essential as it integrates the economy of developing nations by enhancing their level of foreign trade. Through MNEs, developing nations tend to develop strong international networks in different industrial segments. Ultimately, these networks will boost the manner and level in whi ch developing nations distribute, market, and sell their products at local and international levels. However, for all this to be realized, host nations need to have sound policies that will attract MNEs into their countries and support import and export processes (OECD, 2002). To support the trading activities of host nations, host nations need to improve their level of exports to ensure that a desirable balance of payments is achieved. Through inwards investments, FDIs can overcome the financial constrain of host nations through resource endowments (OECD, 2002). Here, MNEs explore and utilize the natural resources present in the host nation in a sustainable, effective and efficient manner hence increasing exports. The establishment of export processing zones (EPZ) has also enhanced the level of trade between host nations and the international community by increasing the level of imports and exports. From this analysis, therefore, it is evident that FDIs play a critical role in enha ncing the trade within host nations. FDI and Technology Transfers Technology transfer has always been regarded as the most important contribution of FDIs to host nations (OECD, 2002). In most cases, MNEs have superior technology as compared the domestic industries. Therefore, with the presence of modern technology, the processes of producing, distributing and salling of goods and services within and outside the host nation will be enhanced. Vertical integration is one of the channels through which technology spillovers from MNEs can become beneficial within the host nation. Here, MNEs impart the knowledge regarding new technologies to suppliers and purchases within the host nation through training, and provision of technical assistance that will ultimately modernize and upgrade the production process.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the process, the quality of goods and services produced within the nation are improved. Horizontal spillover is also another channel through which MNEs can introduce new technologies within the host nation where other firms within the same industry will benefit. However, due to competition, the rates of horizontal spillovers are usually low. However, for the host nation to benefit from technology transfer, the new technologies that have been introduced by the MNEs need to be in line with its business operations (OECD, 2002). Consequently, the difference in the level of technology between MNEs and domestic industries needs to be low. In the case where this difference is wide, firms within the host nation may fail to fully absorb the newly introduced technologies. FDI and Human Capital Enhancement Unlike the other FDI benefits that have a direct impact on the economy of the host nation, the impact that FDIs have on human capital investment is indirect. Consequently, it has been ide ntified that MNEs play a minimal role in enhancing human capital within the host nation (Tulug, 2004). It is thus the responsibility of the government of the host nation to ensure that its population is highly qualified and skilled to provide the established MNEs with the human capital that they require to support their operations. Therefore, scholars regard this practice as a strategy for host nations to attract FDI in their countries. However, once MNEs have been established, they usually offer training and extension services to their employees. This is essential as it improves the skills and knowledge of the local population. As Borensztein and Gregorio (1997) asserted, there are individuals who use the skills, knowledge, and experience that they have acquired from MNEs to start up their own enterprises. However, just like in the case of technology, the education gap between MNEs and the host nation should be minimal to ensure the spillover process is effective and successful in the short run and in the long run. To achieve this, it is advised that the host nation should educate its people to meet the skills and requirements that might arise as a result of setting up MNEs. FDI and Competition Through FDI, MNEs exert a lot of pressure on the host nations’ markets. Competition always exerts pressure on the firms that are currently operating in a given market. Therefore, the entrance of MNEs in a given industry will greatly enhance the level of competition the respective industry. However, it has always been stated that due to the influence that they have, MNEs outcompete domestic firms. This eventually leads to their exit of domestic firms from the market (OECD, 2002). However, recent results from empirical studies that have been conducted by several scholars reveal that increased competition has positive impacts on the economy of host nations since it increases the level of productivity, reduces the selling price, and supports the equitable distributi on of resources within the industry. All these factors play a critical role in establishing a stable and sustainable economy in the short run and in the long run. Therefore, host nations need to come up with policies that will increase the ease at which MNEs can enter into their markets. Conclusion In the modern economy, FDIs play a critical role in the development and growth the global economy. However, developing nations have not fully benefited from the presence of FDIs within their economies. Therefore, with proper policies in place, FDIs will play a critical role in enhancing trade in developing nations at national and international levels, improve their level of technology, enhance their human capital, and increase the level of competition. As a result, their production levels will be increased and firms will operate in an effective and efficient manner hence supporting economic growth and development through maximization of profits, improved balance of payments, stability of domestic industries as well as MNEs and an increased support from the local community. This will ensure the sustainability of the host nation’s economy in the short run and in the long run. References Borensztein, E and Gregorio, J 1997, How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth. Web. Easterly, W 2003, ‘How much do distortions affect growth’, Journal of Monetary Economics, vol. 32 no. 1, pp. 187–212 Graham, E 1991, Foreign direct investment in the United States, Institute for International Economics, Washington DC OECD 2002, Foreign direct investment for development: Maximizing benefits, minimizing costs, viewed on http://www.oecd.org/investment/investmentfordevelopment/1959815.pdf Tulug, O 2004, ‘What drives foreign direct investment into emerging markets’, Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, vol. 40 no. 4, pp. 101-114. This essay on Foreign Direct Investment Impacts on the Economic Development was written and submitted by user Giancarlo Alvarez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Fight club essay Essays

Fight club essay Essays Fight club essay Essay Fight club essay Essay Experiencing death and grief brings a new mindset to a persons life. Regardless of whether It Is a physical or emotional death, grieving for a person, or facing a broken dream, It defines and gives life a new meaning, along with a sense of happiness and gratefulness. It shows the other side of things, as its learning by experience, and this is one of the best ways to learn. In the book Fight club, the main character struggles and complains of his unimportant existence, and Marl is a suicidal, careless woman tit no motivation until she started attending cancer support groups, fell in love and experienced loss, when her life was given meaning. The men involved in the fights were seeking to add significance to their lives through the fights. It is in pain, death and grief that one acknowledges and appreciates reality, the hand of cards given to each one of us in life, and sets priorities straight and a passionate focus. Only through these feelings Is It possible that lifes fragility can be recognized and that maturity can be set In. With maturity comes setting Limits, values, and goals for ones life. In the book, Marl and the men of fight club show how Important pain Is as a part of the human experience, and that you have to embrace pain to experience life fully. For men, scars have a prideful meaning- it denotes grandiosity and bravery in living a life to its fullest. Scars bring about memories of moments of pain and that established a mark that changed our bodies from normal perfect skin to a place of reminiscence. : In the book, fighting had a significant meaning. Being a men, being live, and having a body used for a purpose helped men overcome their fears. These fears were faced by these men every day. Fear of losing their job, or of staying in it for life, fear of not being able to use their strength or muscles, fear of not being able to feel, fear of continuing to live with a lack of guidance or paternal figure. It all started by an unusual moment where Tyler said, l want you to do me a favor. I want you to hit me as hard as you can. I didnt want to, but Tyler explained It all, about not wanting to die without any and then they fought. Tyler became that eternal figure for many and they all felt their lives were not a waste. They felt they had a purpose in life- to fight, to follow a leader, and to limit their time in wasteful things. Living under the shadow of death and pain brought acceptance to their lives. Embracing life by living on the edge of death was also the way Marl lived. She faked having cancer and explained how alive she felt at support groups. The narrator described [t]here was no real sense of life because she had nothing to contrast it with. Oh but now there was the dying and death and loss and grief Now that she knows where were all going, Marl feels every moment of her life (38). But where is this place we are all going? It is not that Marl was a believer of the existence of heaven, but that she now saw the light at the end of the tunnel and death, along with all of the grieving and mourning that was there, and she could feel those emotions and a sense of direction for her life. She was not sick, but she pretended being terminally ill to be able to belong with a group of those that had a purpose and a intense enjoyment and fulfillment. It was in having proof that the process of dying was taking place, like having some type of cancer, where the process of living started for her. The course of life in a cancer patient is reshaped dramatically when the diagnosis has been pronounced. In the TV show American Morning, CNN, 13 June 2003, Bill Hemmer said: you said cancer changed your life, and oftentimes for the better. To what Joel Siegel responded: Yes. Gilda Reader Said this in her book. What cancer does is, it forces you to focus, to prioritize, and you learn whats important. I mean, I dont sweat the small stuff. I used to get angry at cab drivers. Its not worth it. And when somebody says you have cancer, you realize its all small stuff. And what Gilda said is, if it werent for the downside, everyone would want to have it. But there is a downside. There is no way these realizations and priorities can be achieved in such a simple and fast way, unless cancer is in the picture. The suffering associated with cancer redefines what we used to think suffering was. There is a sense of freedom in this knowledge, in learning what is truly significant in fife and living only for those significant moments. The true significance of life originates when we realize that even in losing something, much is able to be gained in life. Fight club specifies this when the main character loses all of his belongings and starts changing his life significantly. Tyler tells the narrator Its only after youve lost everything, Tyler says, that youre free to do anything (70). Loss and failure teaches you what is it that you truly want from life and helps you set your priorities trait, because it is acting upon those priorities when your boring reality becomes an adventure, when you experience what fully living is. Gaining that meaning was accomplished by fighting, by inspiring other men to do the unthinkable, to dare to be how they really wanted to be and by caring for Marl, regardless of how unbalanced their relationship was. Support groups became supporting friends, and facing reality was the beginning of a healthy life for our narrator. Pain, loss and grief allow us to embrace life with freedom and live life to the fullest. 1019

Analyse Anglo-American relations from 1917 to 1941 Essay

Analyse Anglo-American relations from 1917 to 1941 - Essay Example The United States originally held a neutral position when the Great War broke out. It wanted to continue its isolationist policy and was fearful of getting embroiled in European conflicts. Its industries were also heavily engaged with European markets. President Woodrow Wilson also pointed out that â€Å"The people of the United States are drawn from many nations, and chiefly from the nations now at war. It is natural and inevitable that there should be the utmost variety of sympathy and desire among them with regard to the issues and circumstances of the conflict†¦ Such divisions amongst us would be fatal to our peace of mind and might seriously stand in the way of the proper performance of our duty as the one great nation at peace, the one people holding itself ready to play a part of impartial mediation and speak the counsels of peace and accommodation, not as a partisan, but as a friend.†1 The British knew that American arms and support are vital to turn the tide in t he Allies’ favor. This neutral position was reversed with the occurrence of several events, including the sinking of the Lusitania and Germany’s declaration of unrestricted submarine warfare. American entry into the war on April 6, 1917 can be considered as the foundation and the beginning of a long and lasting friendship between the U.K. and U.S. The Allies now had relatively unlimited resources and men which tipped the balance against the Central Powers. The British and American forces cooperated under a unified command headed by Field Marshal Foch and the latter agreed to fight alongside their European comrades and partially relinquish command independence in its operations. The British prime minister, along with the prime ministers of France and Italy, also appealed for more troops in 1918. It was clear that the United States had the military and financial muscle needed by the Allies to gain

Terrorism and Its Indirect Victims Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Terrorism and Its Indirect Victims - Essay Example Of course, we can't forget the many police, firefighters, and other people on the streets who were buried in rubble or hit with falling bricks or other types of debris. All of these describe the direct victims are a terrorist attack, those who were killed or maimed. In the bombing of the Oklahoma City Federal Building, we find many direct victims as well, though these numbers were nowhere near the thousands who lost their lives when the two planes crashed into the World Trade Center Twin Towers. It is not difficult to understand and visualize these victims and what the direct effect was on them from these attacks. These are the direct victims; those who suffered death or severe injury from a terrorist attack. On the other end of the scope, there are the indirect victims. Who or what are these indirect victims The first one that comes to mind for anyone is the families of the direct victims: wives, children, parents, other relatives, and friends. These are the ones who suffer, being without a loved one on which they depended either emotionally or financially. Additionally, according to a review published October 4, 2001 by InView (http://www.newss.ksu.edu/WEB/News/InView/100401terrorism.html), the psychological effects of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center will last for quite a long time. "There will be a lot of people who will suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder. We saw it with the Oklahoma City bombing and those who were in Vietnam," Rappoport said. "Some people will not recover too well and the emotional damage will be permanent (Paragraph 5)." The indirect effects of terrorism can often be worse than the direct effects, The victim, if he or she survives, recovers from the physical injuries, but the emotional damage, a indirect result of the attack, is likely to continue for many years. For those victims who have lost their lives, as the many during the attacks on the World Trade Center, the psychological damage to their loved ones will continue for many years to come. The loved ones are going to have to continue without the presence of the person who was directly affected by the terrorist attack, and that is going to be a difficult task to accomplish. For the wives and children, the effects will be more long term because suddenly one woman must become both mother and father when her psychological well-being is not at its highest peak. The hardest part is that it's not going to go away like it does during an auto accident; these are events the family and children will face on a daily basis. It is likely that both the Oklaho ma City Bombings and the attacks on the World Trade Center are events that later generations will be reading in their Social Studies and History classes. What about the terrorists Can we classify them as victims as well Certainly, they are responsible for a horrendous act of violence, but at the same time, it may not always be of their own free will. An article from the April 2005 ChronWatch and published on the Internet (http://www.newss.ksu.edu/WEB/News/InView/100401terrorism.html, "Why Good Muslims Become Terrorists") explains the effect that a belief in Islam has on its people. These excerpts from the original article written by Ali Sina explains that it is not the Muslims

Catcher In The Rye Essay English Literature Essay

Catcher In The Rye Essay English Literature Essay People  who  shut their eyes  to  reality simply invite their own destruction, and anyone  who  insists  on  remaining  in a  state  of  innocence long after  that  innocence is  dead turns himself into  a  monster (James Baldwin). One cannot hold onto their innocence forever, the longer he or she holds onto it, the more one can lose sight of their selves. In The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, Holden Caulfield struggles in accepting his loss of innocence which leads towards his downfall. Holden is a struggling 16 year-old boy, trying to find his place in the world, a world in which allows him to retain his innocence and as he begins to move towards the adult world, he clings to his innocence in a more urgent desperation. Over the course of three days, the novel follows Holden where he eventually accepts his loss of innocence, but not without going through many struggles along the way first. Through Salingers use of symbols, the reader is able to clearly identify Holdens resistance towards becoming an adult and releasing his innocence. In The Catcher in the Rye, the author uses the Museum of Natural History, the erasing of profanity, and the carousel to reveal that a person cannot avoid his or her loss of innocence and it is difficult to accept that once it is gone, it never comes back. Holden visits his childhood spot, Museum of Natural History, symbolizing a world in which nothing has to change which in turn, Holden wishes could apply to life. While reflecting on his memories from the museum he realizes that the reason he loved it so much was because the way he could count on everything staying the same, The best thing though, in that museum was that everything always stayed right where it was. Nobodyd moveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the only thing that would be different is you (Salinger 121). Just like the thought of preserving innocence, Holden revels in the thought of everything staying exactly the same, forever. However, Holden knows he has become different, he acknowledges this in the quote. He realizes that he possesses less innocence than he did the last time he visited the museum. The concept of stability that this quote provides makes it evident that Holden is afraid of becoming different, evolving into an adult with different views than he once held. Deep down, he a dmits that even though certain things can remain the same, he will not. He is slowly beginning to recognize the fact he has lost his innocence for good, but it comes down to his admittance of this. Although, he thinks he can protect himself, the loss of his innocence is inevitable. Holden reflects on the museums consistency and he believes a world where everything could be preserved (even though it would be impossible) would solve many problems that he holds, Certain things they should stay the way they are. You ought to be able to stick them in one of those big glass cases and just leave them alone. I know thats impossible, but its too bad anyways (Salinger 122). Holden longs for a world in which everything can stay the same. Holden wouldnt have to enter the adult world and he would never have to lose his innocence and accept his growing responsibilities in his ideal world. It is implied that some of the certain things Holden might want to preserve is Allie, his deceased brother. I f Allie was put into one of the glass cases, he would never be exposed to his death, he wouldnt have to lose his innocence. Holden recognizes the fact though that this thought is impossible. He knows there is never a way in order to protect the ones he cares about and their innocence. He knows that there is no avoidance in the loss of innocence, but he is only scared to see it will never come back. Holden arrives at the museum, only to be consumed by a feeling that changes his wanting to visit the museum, When I got to the museum, all of a sudden I wouldnt have gone inside for a million bucks (Salinger 122). Holden realizes that if he steps into the museum he will acknowledge the fact he has changed, become different. Holden sees that he has lost his innocence, but he isnt ready to admit that he has lost it for good. Holden chooses to not go into the museum in order to try and avoid his recognition of his loss of innocence. However, eventually, if not the museum something will cause Holden to see reality for what it really is. As a child, Holden held on to the fond, innocent memories of the museum. Now, grown up, he is afraid that if he sees the museum now, his innocent perspective will change forcing him to accept the fact that he has lost his innocence for good. The Museum helps Holden realize the fact that as much as he wishes things could stay the same; he knows life does not work that way. Holdens erasing of the profanity symbolized the corruption of innocence and Holdens strong sense of duty towards the children who would see it, thinking it is his responsibility to be able to preserve all of their innocence, but knowing it is impossible. While visiting Phoebes elementary school, he observes the profanity that is written on the schools wall and is taken aback, Somebodyd written Fuck you on the wall. I thought how Phoebe and all the other little kids would see ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦If you had a million years to do it in, you couldnt rub out even half the Fuck you signs in the world (Salinger 201). Holden feels that children should not be exposed to anything that has a chance of corrupting their innocence. In this incident, the exposure to the phrase Fuck you creates Holden to believe it is his duty to be the savior to all the children. Although he wants to believe that by erasing all of the Fuck you signs could save childrens innocence, he knows that it is impossible to be able to save every single child. He cannot accept the fact that these children cannot avoid their loss of innocence, just like Holden cant as well. He is worried that if these children see the phrase, they will have no way of retaining their innocence which is already impossible. Again, he comes across another profane expression carved into the schools wall, I saw another Fuck you on the wall. I tried to rub it off with my hand again, but this one was scratched on, with a knife or something. It wouldnt come off (Salinger 202). Holden is beginning to witness that some things, like innocence, cannot be avoided. Some things are unavoidable. Even though he knows that phrase is permanently etched into the wall, he still desperately tries to erase it. This is symbolic of how he desperately tries to preserve his innocence even though he is already becoming different, something that cannot be changed. While the phrase symbolizes another way to corrupt ones innocence, it becomes evident that like the etching, innocence cannot be protected forever. When Holden is at the museum, in the tomb exhibit he sees yet more profanity on the walls, only this time it is written in crayola, Youd never guess what I saw on the wall. Another Fuck you. It was written with red crayon or something, right under the glass part of the window, under the stones (Salinger 204). While Holden is beginning to realize that the Fuck you signs are everywhere, providing many opportunities for the corruption of ones innocence. It is apparent this is symbolically showing that nothing can stop the process of losing ones innocence, it is only natural. The fact that this time, the phrase was written in crayon, it is a hint that this was most likely the work of a child. Holden has been working so hard in order to save these children, he didnt consider that unlike him, they are more willing to lose their innocence and accept the fact that it is gone for good. He is finally becoming aware of the fact that chi ldren are letting go of their innocence and making that transition into adulthood, and he isnt able to control this. At one point, Holden takes Phoebe to a carousel which is symbolic of Holdens new found acceptance towards his loss of innocence and realization that he is not able to save all children from losing their innocence as well. Holden takes Phoebe to a carousel where he encourages her to ride it, without him, Maybe I will next time. Ill watch ya. I went over and sat down on the bench, and she went and got on the carousel (Salinger 211). Holden rejects Phoebes invitation to join her on the carousel, marking Holdens developing maturity. It is becoming noticeable that Holden is slowly starting to show evidence that he is accepting the fact that he knows he has lost his innocence for good. Therefore, he feels it is not necessary to partake in childish activities such as the carousel. He sees Phoebe as the one who is her innocent stage. He has already passed that stage in his life and transition into the adult world, which doesnt include riding on the carousel. Seeing Phoebe reach for the gold ring while on the carousel he begins to realize that he cannot protect children from their growing up, The thing with kids is, if they want to grab for the gold ring, you have to let them do it, and not say anything. If they fall off, they fall off, but its bad if you say anything to them (Salinger 211). The gold ring is what children would literally reach for once their horse passed under it on the carousel. Symbolically, Holden is accepting that growing up is a part of life, something that cannot be avoided. He is admitting that losing ones innocence is a part of growing up and a child cannot be protected from it forever. He realizes that adults must let children reach for their own gold rings; their dreams, hopes, and wants. Holden is acknowledging that he has to be the adult; he cannot be that child forever. Holden continues to watch Phoebe ride the carousel and is overwhelmed with happiness seeing her enjoy herself in her youth, It was just she looked so damn nice, the way she kept going around and around, in her blue coat and all (Salinger 213). Holden is seeing innocence incarnated, through Phoebe. Phoebes circling on the carousel represents seeing her innocence circling. Holden is accepting his loss of innocence and transitioning into the adult world. Watching Phoebe was almost a moment of truth for him, he realizes that one cannot avoid the loss of sense forever. He knows that eventually Phoebe will have to lose her innocence eventually but she doesnt have to yet. Holden thinks it is nice seeing Phoebe not worrying about her loss of innocence and he accepts the adult world for himself in this moment. Seeing and experiencing Phoebe on the carousel and seeing her in her innocence, Holden knows it is his time to move on, his innocence and innocent stage has come and gone and it will never come back. Learning to accept the loss of ones innocence is and to face the reality of it can be difficult for some. Through Holdens story, Salinger reveals that although it is understandable to try to protect ones innocence, it is only a foolish notion. Even in todays world, some struggle with accepting their loss of innocence. The loss of innocence can be related to taking that first sip of alcohol, or taking that first hit of marijuana. For young girls and boys, losing their virginity is an example of them giving away their innocence in an intimate act. Once some takes a drink, a smoke, or has sex, there is no going back, just like there is one cannot regain their innocence. Although these are examples of ways one can lose their innocence, it is much more complex than this. The losing of innocence marks the gradual change into the adult world where one is unable to access their childhood memories and youth. It is when one becomes an adult and fully matures that one loses his or her innocence . When one learns to accept the loss of innocence, it is then that they mark the turning point in their lives. Innocence is usually associated with ignorance and youth, so by losing this, one is accepting wisdom and adulthood. One is able to transition into the next part of their lives without the extra baggage of trying to retain their childhood. Although yearning for innocence is natural even in some ways perhaps good at some point, everyone has to face the realm of adulthood and venture into it, without the aid of their innocence to accompany them any longer.